Requirements of electrical installations: overview of power generation, transmission and distribution; safety, functionality, reliability, redundancy; energy efficiency assessment.
Design considerations for energy efficient electrical installations: Energy efficiency standards and regulations; load profiles; power demand estimation; Barycentre method for determination of the transformer and switchboard location; transformer selection; motor selection; electrical distribution design, wiring systems; metering and monitoring; lighting.
Energy efficiency measures and technologies: Electricity tariffs; power factor, power quality, harmonics; volt-drop; metering and monitoring; smart meters; demand and load management; energy efficient life-cycle maintenance.
Motor-driven systems: High efficiency motor technology and standard; matching motor and load characteristics; control methods for induction motors and PMSM; topology of variable speed drives; power quality problems of VSD; energy optimal control for pumps and fans.
Onsite generation and microgrid: Technologies of distributed energy resources; impact of DG on power losses in distributed networks; renewables and local production of energy; microgrids; energy storage system; performance of PV system.
Energy Management System (EMS) - Digitalisation:Introduction to the concept of Internet-of-Things (IoT) ecosystem and how each of its key components interacts with one another. Cloud-based solution allows remote monitoring and data aggregation. After which, elaboration of Building Automation Systems (BAS) for EMS will be brought forth, focusing on application design and energy performance analysis.
Energy audit of electrical installations: Electrical safety in electrical measurement; energy efficiency performance level; current energy management state; planning energy audit; preliminary meeting and site inspection; data collection and analysis; identifying points of measurement and scheduling; preparing suitable measuring equipment with a clear understanding of the capabilities and limitations; do’s and don’ts in electrical energy audit; identifying energy efficiency opportunities and corresponding cost-effective solutions ; audit report
Case studies: sharing via case studies of industrial energy audit of electrical installations
Verification and Measurement of Electrical Systems
Verification and measurement to be conducted on electrical distribution system of an industrial facility using relevant instruments, with understanding of their capabilities and limitations:
- Monitoring total electricity consumption of the whole facility at main switchboards;
- Assessment of transformer and switchboard location
- Assessment of transformer performance
- Power measurement major plant/process equipment
- Assessment of motors and motor-driven systems
- Lighting assessment
- RMS voltage level, voltage fluctuations
- Power quality assessment, voltages and current unbalance
- Harmonics; voltage and current distortion
- Power factor assessment
- Voltage drop and losses in the wiring
- Economic analysis
